Primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) is the most common cause of hypercalcemia. Clinical manifestations of PHPT are represented by classical and non-classical symptoms, among which the most striking are bone manifestations. At the same time, many extraosseous manifestations, including cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, neurocognitive disorders, with which patients often consult a general practitioner, have been described. The review presents the main manifestations that may occur with damage to these systems in PHPT, describes the pathogenetic mechanisms of these manifestations, the effectiveness of surgical treatment of PHPT in relation to the prognosis of extraosseous disorders. The authors identify a group of patients for whom it is advisable to screen for PHPT for its early detection and treatment, which will avoid the progression of clinical manifestations, both bone and extraosseous.

Keywords: extraosseous manifestations of hyperparathyroidism, hypercalcemia, neurocognitive disorders, gastrointestinal diseases, primary hyperparathyroidism, cardiovascular diseases