The complex of microorganisms found in the intestine (gut microbiota) influences the pathogenesis of a number of diseases. There are theories that gastrointestinal diseases increase the risk of development and recurrence of urolithiasis. Current evidence presented in this article demonstrates a link between gut microbiota, particularly Oxalobacter formigenes, and the formation of oxalate kidney stones. The connection between inflammatory bowel diseases and the use of antimicrobial drugs with oxalate homeostasis is shown, and ways of correcting the gut microbiota in patients with urolithiasis using diet therapy, probiotics, and fecal microbiota transplantation are analyzed. The article presents research results demonstrating that correction of the gut microbiota can be a therapeutic goal and may become an important component of the complex treatment of nephrolithiasis.

Keywords: Oxalobacter formigenes, gut microbiota, oxalates, urolithiasis