The review article is devoted to the evaluation of the relationship between chronic prostatitis and the state of the gut microbiota (GM). Chronic prostatitis is a common disease that leads to noticeable impairments in quality of life. The etiology and pathophysiological mechanisms of development of this disease remain incompletely disclosed today. Some cases of chronic prostatitis are caused by a bacterial infection, and altered GM may be the source of infection. Most cases of this disease are associated with a chronic inflammatory response, the exact mechanisms and origin of which still remain unclear. However, the role of GM and intestinal dysbiosis in the pathogenesis of this disease seems to be a poorly studied area. This article examines the putative bidirectional relationship between changes in GM composition and the development of chronic prostatitis. In recent decades, scientific research has increasingly paid attention to the role of GM in maintaining immunological balance and regulating inflammatory processes, which can also play a key role in the development and chronicity of prostatitis. At the same time, therapeutic approaches that take into account the need for correction of GM in chronic prostatitis also seem to be a relevant area of research. The use of probiotics or rapeseed pollen can help correct the condition of GM and reduce the activity of the inflammatory process in the prostate gland, as well as reduce the frequency of relapses of chronic prostatitis. New studies also indicate the potential for predicting the development of chronic prostatitis based on GM status. Identification of specific bacterial species or metabolites that may be associated with susceptibility to chronic prostatitis opens up prospects for the development of new diagnostic methods and prognostic approaches. This may provide the basis for personalized disease prevention strategies that take into account the individual characteristics of GM and the immunological status of patients. The article analyzes data on the role of GM in the pathogenesis of chronic prostatitis and identifies possible directions for future research. The presented review offers a new look at this problem and substantiates the importance of further research in this area for the development of effective methods for the prevention and treatment of chronic prostatitis.

Keywords: gut-prostate axis, intestinal microbiota, chronic prostatitis, probiotics, dysbiosis