Currently, endothelial dysfunction (ED) is considered as an integral part of the pathogenesis of many chronic diseases. The endothelium is involved in leukocyte recruitment, permeability modulation, inflammation, coagulation, and changes in blood flow in response to disease progression or regression. The kidneys contain different types of endothelium, each with its own specific structural and functional characteristics, as well as being protected by thrombosis, inflammation, and complement regulators. Endothelial damage induced by antibodies, immune cells, or inflammatory cytokines can lead to acute or chronic kidney injury. The relevance of studying the mechanisms of ED in renal pathology is determined by the need to develop new therapeutic strategies aimed at preserving the function of the endothelium and improving the prognosis of the disease. The article provides data on the significance of ED in various kidney pathologies in children, including associated with the result of direct infection with SARS-CoV-2. The analysis included a collection of studies published in PubMed, ProQuest, GoogleScholar, Cochrane, ScienceDirect, Medline, AMED, EMBASE, CINHAL, SportDiscus, Scopus, and eLibrary for 2002–2022.

Keywords: kidney pathology, SARS-CoV-2, endothelial dysfunction