Background. Allergic rhinitis (AR) and adenoid hypertrophy (AH) are the most common diseases in young children, leading to severe nasal obstruction. The study of the immunopathogenesis of AR continues. The issues of the significance of various cytokines in AR and AH are discussed. Based on this, a personalized approach to the choice of treatment is being discussed.
Objective. Evaluation of the interleukin-4 (IL-4), -5, -10, -8, -18 and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) levels in the nasal secretion of children with AR and AH.
Methods. A comprehensive clinical-laboratory and allergic-immunological examination of children diagnosed with AR, AH and their combination was carried out.
Results. It was found that in children with AR and a combination of AR and AH, cytokines of the Th2 type of immune response dominate in the nasal secretion: IL-4, -5. The presence of AH does not affect the production of cytokines.
Conclusion. A comparative analysis of cytokines has shown that AH can act as part of an allergic process with the formation of an allergic AH phenotype. In some children, AH can act as an independent disease, the immunopathogenesis of which requires further study.

Keywords: adenoid hypertrophy, IL-18, IL-5, IL-8, IL-4, IL-10, TNF-α, allergic rhinitis, cytokines