The introduction of innovative drug therapy regimens for blood cancers in children has increased life expectancy and event-free survival. An integral component of most modern antitumor therapy regimens used in pediatric oncology are anthracycline antibiotics, the effectiveness of which has been clinically proven. The use of drugs in this group is associated with the development of side effects, such as cardiotoxicity. Clinical manifestations of cardiotoxicity manifest as impaired myocardial contractile function and cardiomyopathy with congestive heart failure, arrhythmias and can lead to a reduction in life expectancy. The article presents a clinical case of cardiotoxicity of an anthracycline drug with the development of dilated cardiomyopathy and heart failure in a patient with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Timely detection of clinical signs of cardiotoxicity and the use of cardioprotective therapy improved the prognosis of the disease and the patient’s quality of life.

Keywords: acute leukemia, anthracyclines, cardiotoxicity