Thyroid diseases occupy one of the central places in clinical endocrinology. Iodine and the amino acid tyrosine are the main components for the synthesis of thyroid hormones. Studies conducted in the 21st century indicate a certain effect of other microelements and vitamins the on metabolism and function of the thyroid gland.
We searched for publications devoted to the study of the influence of trace elements selenium, zinc, vitamins A, E, C on the physiology and pathology of the thyroid gland. The search was carried out in the PubMed and Scopus information databases, and included sources up to March 25, 2024. It has been shown that adequate intake of selenium and zinc along with vitamins A, E, C contributes to normal metabolism of the thyroid gland.
The change in the status of the microelements selenium and zinc, vitamins A, E, C in the aspect of the most common diseases of the thyroid gland – diffuse toxic goiter (Graves disease), primary hypothyroidism, autoimmune thyroiditis, thyroid cancer – is considered.
To normalize the function of the thyroid gland, supplements of the microelements selenium and zinc are used, both individually and together, as well as with the addition of vitamins A, E, C, which have antioxidant activity. Their addition as a means for adjuvant therapy increases the effectiveness of basic therapy with thyreostatics for hyperthyroidism and levothyroxine for hypothyroidism.
A preliminary analysis of the initial level of microelements and vitamins seems appropriate for better selection of patients in need of replacement therapy using vitamin-mineral complexes.

Keywords: beta-carotene, iodine, vitamin C, primary hypothyroidism, vitamin-mineral complexes, selenium, thyroid gland, diffuse toxic goiter, autoimmune thyroiditis, thyroid cancer, zinc, adjuvant therapy, vitamin A, vitamin E