The article focuses on the prevalence and pathogenesis of chronic urticaria, especially spontaneous. Research in these areas has led to significant progress in terms of recommendations for the treatment of pathology. New CIA (Collegium Internationale Allergologicum) data show that the prevalence of chronic urticaria is geographically heterogeneous, high in all age groups, especially in young and middle-aged patients, and there is an upward trend in incidence. Chronic urticaria disrupts performance capability, leads to a deterioration in the quality of life of patients. Several recent studies have clarified and characterized two endotypes of chronic spontaneous urticaria: autoimmune (or autoallergic) type I, driven by IgE to autoallergens, and type IIb, which is caused by autoantibodies targeting mast cells. The aim of studying the pathogenesis of chronic urticaria is development of recommendations for medical practitioners to facilitate and accelerate the diagnosis of chronic urticaria, to be able to control the disease and maintain long-term remission.

Keywords: histamine H1 receptor blocker, chronic urticaria, pathogenesis, classification, therapy