The article presents a review of world literature, which lists the main functions of the spleen, describes the consequences of splenectomy, gives a modern definition of the «splenosis» concept, provides data on the frequency and timing of splenosis, examines in detail its etiology and pathogenesis, indicates the main types of splenosis and its most common localizations, considers possible clinical manifestations and potential complications of this condition, including in cancer patients, discusses in detail modern approaches to diagnostics, differential diagnostics of splenosis, as well as to the tactics of management and treatment of such patients. The article is illustrated with original computer and magnetic resonance tomograms from the personal archive.

Keywords: superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles, splenosis, splenectomy, computed tomography, ultrasound, magnetic resonance imaging