Rosacea is a chronic inflammatory disease that is common among fair-skinned individuals of Northern European descent. The etiopathogenetic mechanisms of rosacea are multifactorial, including contributions from both innate and adaptive immunity. Inflammation can be caused by impaired neurovascular regulation, changes and dilation of small blood vessels, imbalances in the skin microbiome, genetic factors, and environmental triggers. Ultraviolet radiation and temperature changes are significant environmental factors contributing to vascular changes in predisposed patients with rosacea. The interaction between ultraviolet radiation and atomic oxygen produces reactive oxygen species, forming the inflammatory cascade of rosacea pathogenesis.

Keywords: rosacea, reactive oxygen species, pathogenesis, triggers, risk factors, etiology