In recent years, the vaginal microbiome has become the subject of many scientific studies around the world. Maintaining the stability of the vaginal microbiocenosis is recognized as an important factor in maintaining health, not only at the local level, but also for the female body as a whole. Probiotics are widely used in the treatment of intestinal diseases, but their effect on women’s reproductive health is still controversial. Lactobacilli are the most common microorganism in the vagina, associated with its mucous barrier. Lactobacilli adhere to the vaginal epithelium and can competitively counteract colonization by various opportunistic microorganisms. Factors produced by lactobacilli, such as bacteriocin and hydrogen peroxide, can suppress the growth of opportunistic microorganisms and maintain a low pH level in the vagina. Probiotics play an important role in maintaining the stability of the vaginal microbiome and enhancing the immune defense of the female body. The authors discuss the modern role of probiotics, represented by Lactobacillus, in various gynecological diseases, as well as their importance for maintaining women’s health.

Keywords: women’s health, vaginal microbiome, lactobacilli, vulvovaginal candidiasis, bacterial vaginosis, probiotics